Articles

Overview Intro: * Definition of instrumental variables (IVs) - variables used to isolate exogenous variation in explanatory variables * Brief background on why they are needed - endogeneity and inability to run controlled experiments Section 1: Properties of Valid Instrumental Variables * Relevance - correlated with explanatory variable * Exogeneity - uncorrelated with error

Picture strings—unfathomably small, one-dimensional loops that vibrate at different frequencies—making up the elegant cosmic orchestra that produces all known particles and forces. This is the mind-bending premise behind string theory. The Standard Model and Particle Physics For over a century now, the commonly agreed model in the scene

Models to forecast financial markets and economic trends have been developed by mathematicians and economists throughout time. Conventional econometric models are predicated on the assumption of normal distributions and linear correlations between variables; nonetheless, these assumptions are frequently violated by the intricate real-world interconnections that shape market and economic dynamics.

Introduction In the field of genetic engineering, a groundbreaking technology called CRISPR has emerged as a powerful tool. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a revolutionary gene-editing technique that allows scientists to make precise changes to the DNA of livin…

Left or right? Sprite or Coke? Yes or no? Every action in our day-to-day lives is dictated by the choices we make. Some decisions come automatically, while others include more complex and important decisions. Our actions are often influenced by mental processing that is heavily influenced by bias, r…